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1.
Chinese Journal of Cardiology ; (12): 45-50, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-969741

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the timing of pericardial drainage catheter removal and restart of the anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) suffered from perioperative pericardial tamponade during atrial fibrillation catheter ablation and uninterrupted dabigatran. Methods: A total of 20 patients with pericardial tamponade, who underwent AF catheter ablation with uninterrupted dabigatran in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2019 to August 2021, were included in this retrospective analysis. The clinical characteristics of enrolled patients, information of catheter ablation procedures, pericardial tamponade management, perioperative complications, the timing of pericardial drainage catheter removal and restart of anticoagulation were analyzed. Results: All patients underwent pericardiocentesis and pericardial effusion drainage was successful in all patients. The average drainage volume was (427.8±527.4) ml. Seven cases were treated with idarucizumab, of which 1 patient received surgical repair. The average timing of pericardial drainage catheter removal and restart of anticoagulation in 19 patients without surgical repair was (1.4±0.7) and (0.8±0.4) days, respectively. No new bleeding, embolism and death were reported during hospitalization and within 30 days following hospital discharge. Time of removal of pericardial drainage catheter, restart of anticoagulation and hospital stay were similar between patients treated with idarucizumab or not. Conclusion: It is safe and reasonable to remove pericardial drainage catheter and restart anticoagulation as soon as possible during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation with uninterrupted dabigatran independent of the idarucizumab use or not in case of confirmed hemostasis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Cardiac Tamponade/complications , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Drainage/adverse effects , Catheter Ablation , Catheters/adverse effects
3.
Rev. Cient. Esc. Estadual Saúde Pública Goiás "Cândido Santiago" ; 6(2): 600006, 2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | CONASS, SES-GO, ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1117949

ABSTRACT

Tecnologia: Inibidores Diretos do Fator Xa (IDFXa) ­ Rivaroxabana, Apixabana, Edoxabana ­ e Inibidores Diretos da Trombina (IDT) ­ Dabigatrana ­ todos são anticoagulantes orais diretos (DOAC). Indicação: tratamento e prevenção de fenômenos tromboembólicos. Pergunta: Para tratamento de tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) e trombose venosa profunda (TVP), os DOAC são mais eficazes e seguros que a anticoagulação tradicional com heparina e varfarina? Métodos: Levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados Pubmed seguindo estratégias de buscas predefinidas. Avaliação da qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas com a ferramenta Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Resultados: Foram selecionadas e incluídas 4 revisões sistemáticas. Conclusão: Na maioria dos estudos incluídos, os DOAC demonstraram eficácia e segurança similar à anticoagulação tradicional com heparina e varfarina para tratamento de TEP e TVP. Em um estudo, o risco de TVP recorrente foi menor no tratamento de IDFXa (por menos 3 meses de tratamento) e de episódios de sangramento maior foi menor no tratamento de IDT e IDFXa (por mais 3 meses de tratamento)


Technology: Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors (DFXaI) - Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Edoxaban ­ and Direct Thrombin Inhibitors (DTI) - Dabigatran - all are direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Indication: treatment and prevention of thromboembolic phenomena. Question: For treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), are DOACs more effective and safer than traditional anticoagulation with heparin and warfarin? Methods: Bibliographic survey in the Pubmed database following predefined search strategies. Evaluation of the methodological quality of systematic reviews with the tool Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Results: 4 systematic reviews were selected and included. Conclusion: In most of the included studies, DOAC demonstrated similar efficacy and safety to traditional anticoagulation with heparina and warfarin for the treatment of PTE and DVT. In one study, the risk of recurrent DVT was lower in the treatment of DFXaI (for at least 3 months of treatment) and of major bleeding episodes was lower in the treatment of DTI and DFXaI (for another 3 months of treatment)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Heparin/therapeutic use , Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy , Factor Xa Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Thrombin/therapeutic use , Antithrombins/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(2): 80-83, Feb. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-983886

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare warfarin and dabigatran for thromboembolic event prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of participants with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter using either warfarin or dabigatran in a reference center in Brazil. Results: There were 112 patients (mean age 65.5 years), with 55.3% using warfarin. The median duration of follow-up was 1.9 years for warfarin and 1.6 years for dabigatran (p = 0.167). Warfarin patients had a higher median of medical appointments per year (8.3 [6.8-10.4] vs 3.1 [2.3-4.2], p < 0.001) and the frequency of minor bleeding was more than four times higher (17.7% vs 4.0%, p = 0.035). Among patients with prior stroke, those using warfarin had 2.6 times more medical appointments for person-years of follow-up (8.5 vs 3.3). There was no major bleeding or embolic event during follow-up period. Conclusion: The dabigatran group had a lower frequency of minor bleeding and number of medical appointments than the warfarin group, without more embolic events or major bleeding.


RESUMO Objetivos: Comparar varfarina e dabigatrana para prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos em pacientes com fibrilação atrial não valvar ou flutter (FA). Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva de pacientes com FA em uso de varfarina ou dabigatrana em serviço especializado no Brasil. Resultados: Foram avaliados 112 pacientes (média idade 65,5), com 55,3% no grupo varfarina. A mediana do tempo de seguimento foi de 1,9 anos para o grupo varfarina e 1,6 para dabigatrana (p = 0,167). No grupo varfarina houve maior mediana de consultas médicas (CM) por ano (8,3[6,8-10,4] vs. 3,1[2,3-4,2], p < 0,001), com frequência de sangramento menor quatro vezes maior (17,7% vs. 4,0%, p = 0,035). Nos pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico prévio, o grupo varfarina teve 2,6 vezes mais CM por pessoas-ano de seguimento (8,5 vs. 3,3). Não houve sangramento maior ou eventos embólicos no período de seguimento. Conclusão: Pacientes em uso de dabigatrana tiveram menor número de sangramento menor e CM que aqueles em uso de varfarina, sem aumentar eventos embólicos ou sangramentos maiores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Atrial Fibrillation/prevention & control , Atrial Flutter/prevention & control , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Flutter/complications , Thromboembolism/etiology , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stroke/etiology , Stroke/prevention & control , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use
5.
J. vasc. bras ; 18: e20180021, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-984688

ABSTRACT

O tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) é uma doença frequente e de alta morbimortalidade, sendo considerada a maior causa evitável de mortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados. Apesar da incidência altíssima de TEV em todos os países e das evidências de que a tromboprofilaxia reduz as complicações tromboembólicas em pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos, e a custo baixo, persistem grandes dúvidas quanto à segurança desse tipo de intervenção nos pacientes e quanto à tromboprofilaxia ideal. Inúmeros estudos e recomendações baseadas em evidências comprovam a eficácia da profilaxia na prevenção do TEV e/ou da morte dos pacientes, mas ainda hoje ela é subutilizada. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma ampla revisão dos métodos de profilaxia existentes até os dias atuais, publicados em diretrizes e estudos nacionais e internacionais sobre tromboprofilaxia


Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality and is considered the number one cause of avoidable mortality among hospitalized patients. Although VTE incidence is extremely high in all countries and there is ample evidence that thromboprophylaxis inexpensively reduces the rate of thromboembolic complications in both clinical and surgical patients, a great deal of doubt remains with respect to patient safety with this type of intervention and in relation to the ideal thromboprophylaxis methods. Countless studies and evidence-based recommendations confirm the efficacy of prophylaxis for prevention of VTE and/or patient deaths, but it remains underutilized to this day. This article presents a wide-ranging review of existing prophylaxis methods up to the present, from guidelines and national and international studies of thromboprophylaxis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Disease Prevention , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Inpatients , Pulmonary Embolism/therapy , Risk Factors , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Lower Extremity , Factor Xa Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage/complications , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
6.
J. vasc. bras ; 17(4)out.-dez. 2018. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-969128

ABSTRACT

A number of limitations of standard therapy with warfarin for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) have been established. This overview of systematic reviews presents the baseline results for efficacy and safety of the new direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) thrombin inhibitors, and activated factor X (Xa) inhibitors in patients with DVT. Searches were run on PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Twenty-three studies were retrieved, and one systematic review was judged eligible. This review scored maximum according to AMSTAR criteria and included 7,596 patients for analysis of thrombin inhibitors and 16,356 patients for analysis of factor Xa inhibitors. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that DOACs are similar for DVT treatment when compared to standard treatment with warfarin. The incidence of major bleeding is somewhat lower in patients treated with factor Xa inhibitors and similar to standard therapy when treated with direct thrombin inhibitors


A terapia padrão com varfarina para a trombose venosa profunda (TVP) tem uma série de limitações já estabelecidas. Essa revisão de revisões sistemáticas elenca os principais resultados de eficácia e segurança dos anticoagulantes orais diretos (DOACs), inibidores da trombina e do fator X ativado (Xa), em pacientes com TVP. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases PubMed e Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Foram recuperados 23 estudos, e uma revisão sistemática foi considerada elegível. Essa revisão atingiu escore máximo no AMSTAR e incluiu 7.596 pacientes para análise dos inibidores da trombina e 16.356 pacientes para a análise dos inibidores do fator Xa. Os resultados da metanálise indicam que os DOACs apresentam eficácia similar à terapia padrão no tratamento da TVP. A incidência de sangramento maior é um pouco menor nos pacientes tratados com os inibidores do fator Xa e similar à terapia padrão no tratamento com inibidores diretos da trombina


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Review , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Heparin/therapeutic use , Thrombin , Risk Factors , Drug Interactions , Venous Thromboembolism/therapy , Factor Xa Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage
7.
Rev. costarric. cardiol ; 20(1): 7-21, ene.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-960263

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los nuevos anticoagulantes orales suponen una atractiva alternativa para los clásicos antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVKs) en la prevención de ictus en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular. A diferencia de los AVKs, estos anticoagulantes no requieren monitorización ni ajuste de dosis y poseen propiedades farmacológicas favorables. La falta de antídoto efi caz, su coste, o dudas en cuanto a la seguridad en los pacientes con enfermedad renal avanzada pueden explicar su lento ritmo de expansión. El uso seguro y eficaz de estos nuevos medicamentos depende en gran medida de la experiencia clínica entre la comunidad médica. Esta revisión discute las peculiaridades de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales, propor cionando algoritmos prácticos y fáciles de usar para su aplicación en la práctica clínica diaria.


Abstract New oral anticoagulants suppose an attractive alternative for classical vitamin K antagonists (AVKs) in stroke prevention for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Unlike AVKs, these anticoagulants do not require monitoring or dose adjustment and have favourable pharmacological properties. The lack of an effective antidote, its cost, or doubts regarding the safety of patients with advanced kidney disease may explain its slow rate of expansion. The safe and effective use of these new medications depends largely on clinical experience among the medical community. This review discusses the peculiarities of the new oral anticoagulants, providing practical and easy-to-use algorithms for their application in daily clinical practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Atrial Fibrillation , Practice Guideline , Factor Xa Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants , Antifibrinolytic Agents
8.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(1): 22-25, Jan. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888342

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives To describe anticoagulation characteristics in patients with cardiac complications from Chagas disease and compare participants with and without cardioembolic ischemic stroke (CIS). Methods A retrospective cohort of patients with Chagas disease, using anticoagulation, conducted from January 2011 to December 2014. Results Forty-two patients with Chagas disease who were using anticoagulation were studied (age 62.9±12.4 years), 59.5% female and 47.6% with previous CIS, 78.6% with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and 69.7% with dilated cardiomyopathy. Warfarin was used in 78.6% of patients and dabigatran (at different times) in 38%. In the warfarin group, those with CIS had more medical appointments per person-years of follow-up (11.7 vs 7.9), a higher proportion of international normalized ratios within the therapeutic range (57% vs 42% medical appointments, p = 0.025) and an eight times higher frequency of minor bleeding (0.64 vs 0.07 medical appointments). Conclusion Patients with Chagas disease and previous CIS had better control of INR with a higher frequency of minor bleeding.


RESUMO Objetivos descrever as características da anticoagulação em pacientes com manifestações cardíacas da doença de Chagas (MCDC) e comparar os participantes com sem acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico cardioembólico (AVCIC). Resultados 42 pacientes com MCDC em anticoagulação foram estudados (62,9 ± 12,4 anos), 59,5% do sexo feminino e 47,6% com AVCIC prévio, 78,6% portadores de fibrilação atrial não valvar e 69,7% com cardiomiopatia dilatada. Varfarina foi utilizada em 78,6% dos pacientes e dabigatrana em 38% (em momentos diferentes). No grupo da varfarina, aqueles com AVCIC tiveram mais consultas médicas por pessoas-ano de seguimento (11,7 vs 7,9), maior taxa de RNI na faixa terapêutica (57% vs 42% consultas médicas, p = 0,025) e uma frequência oito vezes maior de sangramento menor (0,64 vs. 0,07 consultas médicas). Conclusão pacientes com MCDC e AVCIC prévio têm melhor controle de RNI com maior frequência de sangramento menor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Brain Ischemia/prevention & control , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Stroke/prevention & control , Embolism/prevention & control , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Warfarin/adverse effects , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/blood , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , International Normalized Ratio , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Anticoagulants/adverse effects
9.
Rev. costarric. cardiol ; 19(1/2): 9-11, ene.-dic. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900880

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los resultados de los ensayos clínicos con los anticoagulantes directos en pacientes con fibrilación auricular demuestra mayor eficacia en la prevención del ictus versus warfarina. Las guías de práctica clínica recomiendan que estos fármacos deberían preferirse a los antagonistas de la vitamina K para anticoagular los pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular.


Abstract Direct anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. From clinical trials to real-world records The results of clinical trials with direct anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation show greater efficacy in the prevention of stroke versus warfarin. Clinical practice guidelines recommend that these drugs should be preferred to vitamin K antagonists to anticoagulate patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Atrial Fibrillation , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
10.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(3): 238-242, jul.-set. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-875568

ABSTRACT

Os pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) têm tendências hemorrágicas e trombóticas e, por isso, a indicação de anticoagulantes é complexa nos indivíduos com fibrilação atrial (FA). A FA é a arritmia mais frequente na DRC, sendo o tromboembolismo e o ictus suas principais complicações. A introdução de novos anticoagulantes orais diretos (DOACs) tem se mostrado superior aos antagonistas da vitamina K, tanto na prevenção de tromboembolismos sistêmicos como no risco de sangramento. Contudo, devem ser prescritos com cautela nesse grupo de pacientes. Para os indivíduos com DRC e clearance renal entre 30 e 50 ml/min, as doses da dabigatrana e da rivaroxabana devem ser reduzidas, no caso de pacientes com elevado risco de sangramento, não havendo necessidade de reduzir as doses de apixabana e edoxabana. Em pacientes com clearance renal entre 15 e 29 ml/min o uso da dabigatrana é contraindicado, a rivaroxabana e a edoxabana não exigem ajuste terapêutico e a dose de apixabana deve ser ajustada. Nenhum dos DOACs é indicado em pacientes com clearance renal < 15 mg/min. Outro problema da terapêutica com os DOACs é o custo do medicamento, muito superior aos dos antagonistas da vitamina K, trazendo algumas implicações clínicas relevantes: suspensão terapêutica por restrições econômicas, que mesmo quando transitória, coloca o paciente em risco de eventos tromboembólicos devido à perda rápida de seus efeitos anticoagulantes e pela possibilidade de hipercoagulabilidade paradoxal. A maior parte da população é tratada em hospitais públicos e recebe os antagonistas de vitamina K. Por isso, enquanto a relação custo-efetividade dos DOACs não for esclarecida, a prevenção e o tratamento de pacientes com DRC e FA com os antagonistas de vitamina K estão consagrados e podem trazer benefícios para esse grupo de pacientes


Patients with chronic renal disease (CRD) have hemorrhagic and thrombotic tendencies, therefore the indication of anticoagulants is complex in individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is the most frequent arrhythmia in CRD, and thromboembolism and cerebral stroke are its main complications. The introduction of new oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has proven to be superior to vitamin K antagonists in preventing systemic thromboembolisms and bleeding risk. However, they should be prescribed with caution in this group of patients. For individuals with CRD and renal clearance between 30 and 50 ml/min, the doses of dabigatran and rivaroxaban should be reduced, in the case of patients with high risk of bleeding, and it is not necessary to reduce the doses of apixaban and edoxaban. In patients with renal clearance between 15 and 29 ml/min, the use of dabigatran is contraindicated, rivaroxaban and edoxaban do not require therapeutic adjustment, and the dose of apixaban should be adjusted. No DOACs is indicated in patients with renal clearance < 15 mg/min. Another problem with DOACs therapy is the cost of the medication, which is much higher than that of vitamin K antagonists, with some important clinical implications: therapeutic suspension due to economic restrictions, even if temporary, place the patient at risk of thromboembolic events due to the rapid loss of anticoagulant effects and the possibility of paradoxical hypercoagulability. Most of the population is treated in public hospitals, and receives vitamin K antagonists. Therefore, while the cost-effectiveness ratio of DOACs has not been clarified, prevention and treatment of patients with CRD and AF with vitamin K antagonists is consecrated, and can bring benefits for this group of patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Stroke/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Thromboembolism/therapy , Warfarin/adverse effects , Factor X , Prevalence , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage/therapy
11.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(3): 228-233, jul.-set. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-875463

ABSTRACT

As valvopatias, especialmente na presença da fibrilação atrial (FA), aumentam o risco de eventos tromboembólicos que, além de modificar a história natural da doença, têm impacto significativo na sobrevida e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Além do envelhecimento da população mundial, com o consequente número crescente de pacientes com fibrilação atrial, há cada vez mais associações de valvopatias com a doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Nesse grupo de pacientes para os quais há indicação emergencial ou eletiva de intervenção coronariana percutânea (ICP) com implante de stents, serão prescritos antiplaquetários e anticoagulantes ao menos nos primeiros meses pós-ICP. A prevenção do tromboembolismo (TE) com anticoagulantes, como a varfarina ou com os anticoagulantes orais diretos (AOD), é recomendada na maioria das diretrizes. O emprego dos escores CHADS2-VASc e HAS-BLED são úteis para a quantificação dos riscos TE e hemorrágicos


Valvulopathies, especially in the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF), increase the risk of thromboembolic events, which in addition to modifying the natural history of the disease; have a significant impact on survival and quality of life of patients. In addition to the aging of the world's population, with a consequent increase in the number of patients with atrial fibrillation, there are increasing cases of associations of valvular diseases with coronary artery disease (CAD). In this group of patients, in whom there is an emergency or elective indication for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the implantation of stents, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies will be prescribed, at least in the first months after PCI. The prevention of thromboembolic events (TE) with anticoagulants, such as warfarin, or with direct oral anticoagulants (DAOCs), is recommended in most of the Guidelines. The use of the CHADS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores are useful in the quantification of TE and hemorrhagic risks


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thromboembolism/therapy , Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors , Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis , Heart Valve Diseases/therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Warfarin/adverse effects , Coronary Artery Disease , Heparin/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Rivaroxaban/administration & dosage , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage
12.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(3): 217-222, jul.-set. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-875408

ABSTRACT

O acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCi) causado por fibrilação atrial (FA) é comum e mais grave que os de outra etiologia. Devido à eficácia e segurança maiores ou similares dos anticoagulantes orais diretos (DOAC) comparados à varfarina e à comodidade de uso, esses fármacos são considerados o tratamento de escolha na prevenção do AVCi por FA. Pacientes com FA e AVCi agudo apresentam alto risco de recorrência e devem ser submetidos à anticoagulação precoce, seguindo-se a "regra 1, 3, 6, 12 dias". Nos casos de acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico (AVCh) durante o uso de (DOAC), pode-se recomendar o concentrado de complexo protrombínico, porém não há evidência que apoie essa conduta. O advento dos agentes reversores traz a oportunidade de ampliar o uso dos DOAC, porque proporcionam maior controle nas situações de urgência, como o AVC. Por serem mais fáceis de usar e apresentarem menor interação medicamentosa, os DOAC assumem um importante papel nos pacientes com declínio cognitivo. Pacientes com FA não devem ser excluídos do uso de anticoagulantes somente por apresentarem alto risco de quedas. Para pacientes com indicação de anticoagulação, os benefícios geralmente suplantam os riscos


Atrial fibrillation (AF)-related ischemic stroke (IS) is common and more severe than stroke due to other causes. Due to the greater or similar efficacy and safety to direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) compared to warfarin, and their ease of use, these drugs are considered the treatment of choice for the prevention of AF-related stroke. Patients with AF and acute IS present a high risk of recurrent stroke and should be submitted to early anticoagulation, following the "1-3-6-12 day rule". In cases of DOACs-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can be recommended for use, but there is no evidence to support this conduct. The advent of reversal agents brings the opportunity to increase the use of DOACs, because they provide better control in emergency situations, such as stroke. Because they are easy to use and present less drug interactions, DOACs play an important role in patients with cognitive decline. Patients with AF should not be excluded from the use of oral anticoagulants solely because they present high risk of falls. For patients with a valid indication for anticoagulation, the benefits generally outweigh the risks


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Vitamin K/therapeutic use , Stroke/mortality , Stroke/prevention & control , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Thrombosis/therapy , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Heparin/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage
13.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(3): 243-250, jul.-set. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-875570

ABSTRACT

O uso da terapia anticoagulante em idosos tem sido muito discutido, principalmente após o surgimento dos anticoagulantes de ação direta (DOACs). Por anos, os antagonistas da vitamina K (representados principalmente pela varfarina) foram a única opção de prevenção de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e de embolia sistêmica (ES) em pacientes com fibrilação atrial (FA), bem como prevenção e tratamento de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV). Os DOACs tornaram-se opção melhor que a varfarina na população idosa por serem tão ou mais eficazes e apresentarem um risco de sangramento igual ou menor e risco mais baixo de hemorragia intracraniana. Além disso, têm menor interação medicamentosa e alimentar e não requerem monitoramento laboratorial contínuo. A população idosa tem sido subtratada devido aos riscos e aos receios dos profissionais quanto ao uso dos anticoagulantes. Seja pelo risco de quedas, de sangramento, polifarmácia ou presença de comprometimento cognitivo, os riscos devem ser muito bem avaliados e adequadamente abordados, uma vez que o benefício da anticoagulação é evidente nos idosos. A idade não é contraindicação para terapia anticoagulante e seu uso diminui a mortalidade e aumenta a sobrevida livre de incapacidade


The use of anticoagulant therapy in the elderly has been much discussed, especially after the development of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). For years, the vitamin K antagonists (represented mainly by warfarin) were the only option for stroke and systemic embolism (SE) prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), as well as for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). DOACs have become a better option than warfarin in the elderly population because they are as good as or more effective and present an equal or lesser bleeding risk and a lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage. In addition, they have limited drug and food interactions and do not require continuous laboratory monitoring. The elderly population has been under-treated because of the risks and professionals fears prescribing anticoagulants. Whether due to the risk of falls, bleeding, polypharmacy, or the presence of cognitive impairment, the risks should be well evaluated and appropriately addressed, since the benefit of anticoagulation is evident in the elderly. Age is not a contraindication for anticoagulant therapy, and its use decreases mortality and increases disability-free survival


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Risk Factors , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Thromboembolism/therapy , Warfarin/adverse effects , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Accidental Falls , Sex Factors , Age Factors , Pharmacologic Actions , Stroke/complications , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage/complications
14.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(3): 205-210, jul.-set. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-875326

ABSTRACT

tratamento da FA, os pacientes podem ser submetidos a atendimentos eletivos ou de emergência para a reversão do ritmo, incluindo a cardioversão química ou elétrica, bem como o tratamento intervencionista de ablação por cateter, visando a melhora dos sintomas e da qualidade de vida. Em todas as modalidades do tratamento, a terapia anticoagulante oral (ACO) é um dos pilares do tratamento da FA, indispensável para a prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos. A incorporação dos chamados "anticoagulantes de ação direta" (DOAC) no arsenal do tratamento representou um novo paradigma, com estudos randomizados controlados e as evidências de mundo real demonstrando resultados de eficácia e segurança comparáveis com relação à varfarina, com a vantagem de menor interação medicamentosa e alimentar e menor risco de hemorragias catastróficas. O uso de DOAC para o manejo de pacientes que serão submetidos ao procedimento de ablação por cateter para o tratamento intervencionista da FA ou cardioversão elétrica/química é hoje uma realidade cada vez mais presente e tem respaldo dos estudos randomizados controlados e das experiências em vários centros hospitalares mundiais, com esquema e programação mais simples e melhor comodidade no manejo da anticoagulação


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice. During the course of AF, patients may be submitted to elective or emergency approaches for rhythm reversal, including pharmacological or electrical cardioversion, as well interventional treatment with catheter ablation, to improve the symptoms and quality of life. In all treatment modalities, it is important to emphasize that oral anticoagulant therapy (OAC) is one of the pillars of AF treatment, and is indispensable for preventing thromboembolic events. The incorporation of so-called "direct oral anticoagulants" (DOACs) into the arsenal of treatment represented a new paradigm, with randomized controlled trials and real-world clinical evidence demonstrating comparable efficacy and safety to warfarin, with the advantage of less drug and food interaction and less risk of catastrophic bleeding. The use of DOACs for the management of patients undergoing catheter ablation for interventional AF treatment or electrical/pharmacological cardioversion is increasingly used and supported by randomized controlled trials and experiences in several worldwide hospital centers, with a simpler regimen and programming and easier management of anticoagulation


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Electric Countershock/methods , Catheter Ablation/methods , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thromboembolism/therapy , Heparin/administration & dosage , Heparin/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use
15.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(3): 195-200, jul.-set. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-875314

ABSTRACT

Os novos anticoagulantes orais revolucionaram a terapia de anticoagulação ao propiciar maior comodidade posológica e utilizar doses fixas, sem necessidade de acompanhamento do efeito com séries de exames laboratoriais e com menor risco de interações medicamentosas e alimentares. Porém, por serem medicamentos relativamente novos na prática clínica e, até recentemente, não existirem antídotos específicos para a reversão do seu efeito, o manejo no contexto perioperatório sempre gerou certo receio e questionamentos. O manejo adequado dos novos anticoagulantes no perioperatório envolve a avaliação cuidadosa do risco de tromboembolismo a que o paciente está sujeito na eventualidade da suspensão desses agentes em comparação com o risco de sangramento associado à manutenção; essa avaliação precisa abordar a susceptibilidade tanto de fatores relacionados com o paciente quanto do próprio tipo da cirurgia. Publicações recentes conseguiram reunir as evidências mais atuais que norteiam as estratégias de manejo desses medicamentos na eventualidade de um procedimento cirúrgico


The new oral anticoagulants have revolutionized anticoagulant therapy by providing greater dosage convenience, using fixed doses, without the need to monitor the effect with series of laboratory tests, and with a lower risk of drug and food interactions. However, because they are relatively new medications in clinical practice, and because until recently they did not have specific antidotes to reverse their effect, their handling in the perioperative context has always generated a certain fear and questioning. The proper management of the new anticoagulants in the perioperative period involves a careful evaluation of the thromboembolic risk to which the patient is subject in the event of suspension of these agents, compared with the risk of bleeding associated with their maintenance; this evaluation must address the susceptibility of both patient-related factors and the type of surgery. Recent publications have been able to gather the most recent evidence, which guides the strategies for handling these drugs in the event of a surgical procedure


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thromboembolism/therapy , Perioperative Period/methods , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage
16.
São Paulo med. j ; 134(4): 322-329, July-Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-792817

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Randomized clinical trials have shown that the new oral anticoagulants have at least similar impact regarding reduction of thromboembolic events, compared with warfarin, with similar or improved safety profiles. There is little data on real costs within clinical practice. Our aim here was to perform economic analysis on these strategies from the perspective of Brazilian society and the public healthcare system. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cost-minimization analysis; anticoagulation clinic of Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. METHODS: Patients at the anticoagulation clinic were recruited between August and October 2011, with minimum follow-up of four weeks. Operational and non-operational costs were calculated and corrected to 2015. RESULTS: This study included 633 patients (59% women) of median age 62 years (interquartile range ­49-73). The mean length of follow-up was 64 ± 28 days. The average cost per patient per month was $ 54.26 (US dollars). Direct costs accounted for 32.5% of the total cost. Of these, 69.5% were related to healthcare professionals. With regards to indirect costs, 52.4% were related to absence from work and 47.6% to transportation. Apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban were being sold to Brazilian public institutions, on average, for $ 49.87, $ 51.40 and $ 52.16 per patient per month, respectively, which was lower than the costs relating to warfarin treatment. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian context, from the perspective of society and the public healthcare system, the cumulative costs per patient using warfarin with follow-up in anticoagulation clinics is currently higher than the strategy of prescribing the new oral anticoagulants.


RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Estudos clínicos randomizados demonstraram que novos anticoagulantes orais têm pelo menos impacto semelhante em reduzir eventos tromboembólicos quando comparados à varfarina, com perfil de segurança similar ou superior. Há pouca evidência acerca de custos reais na prática clínica. Nosso objetivo é realizar análise econômica dessas estratégias, na perspectiva do sistema de saúde pública e da sociedade brasileiros. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Análise de custo-minimização; Clínica de Anticoagulação do Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes da clínica de anticoagulação foram recrutados de agosto a outubro de 2011, com tempo mínimo de acompanhamento de quatro semanas. Custos operacionais e não operacionais foram computados e corrigidos para 2015. RESULTADOS: Este estudo incluiu 633 pacientes, com idade mediana de 62 (intervalo interquartil 49-73) anos, sendo 59% mulheres. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 64 ± 28 dias. O custo médio por paciente por mês foi de $ 54.26 (dólares). Custos diretos foram responsáveis por 32,5% do custo total. Destes, 69,5% foram relacionados aos profissionais de saúde. Em relação aos custos indiretos, 52,4% estavam relacionados ao absenteísmo ao trabalho e 47,6% ao transporte. Apixaban, dabigatran e rivaroxaban são vendidos a órgãos públicos brasileiros, respectivamente, a um preço médio mensal de $ 49.87, $ 51.40 e $ 52.26 por paciente por mês, valores inferiores aos custos relacionados ao tratamento com varfarina. CONCLUSÃO: No contexto brasileiro, na perspectiva do sistema de saúde pública e da sociedade, os custos cumulativos por paciente em uso de varfarina acompanhados em clínica de anticoagulação são atualmente superiores à estratégia de prescrever novos anticoagulantes orais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Drug Costs/statistics & numerical data , Anticoagulants/economics , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Pyrazoles/economics , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , Pyridones/economics , Pyridones/therapeutic use , Reference Values , Atrial Fibrillation/economics , Atrial Fibrillation/prevention & control , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Brazil , Administration, Oral , Reproducibility of Results , Age Factors , Treatment Outcome , Costs and Cost Analysis , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Dabigatran/economics , Dabigatran/therapeutic use
17.
Bogotá; IETS; mayo 2016. 45 p. tab, graf.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-846778

ABSTRACT

Tecnologías evaluadas: Dabigatran, rivaroxaban y apixaban, comparado con warfarina. Población: Pacientes adultos con fibrilación auricular no valvular en Colombia. Perspectiva: Tercer pagador - Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud. Horizonte temporal: El horizonte temporal de esta AIP en el caso base corresponde a un año. Adicionalmente se reportan las estimaciones del impacto presupuestal para los años 2 y 3, bajo el supuesto de inclusión en el POS en el año 1. Costos incluidos: Costos directos del tratamiento de acuerdo a las alternativas evaluadas y seguimiento a los pacientes. Fuente de costos: Los medicamentos fueron costeados con la información del SISMED, para costear los procedimientos se empleó tarifario ISS2001. Escenarios: Escenarios de aumento de participación en el mercado y de disminución de precios acorde a los resultados de la evaluación económica paralela a este AIP. Resultados: En el escenario 1, la inclusión implicaría una inversión de 479.616.207.902 en el año 1, de $ 112.930.049.925 en el año 2 y de $ 145.201.625.581 en el año 3, en el escenario 2 implicaría una inversión $ 212.829.453.5 en el año 1, $ 54.400.081.439 en el año 2 y $ 69.849.046.563 en el año 3.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Ischemia/prevention & control , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Health Evaluation/economics , Reproducibility of Results , Colombia , Costs and Cost Analysis/methods , Biomedical Technology , Factor Xa Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use
18.
J. bras. pneumol ; 42(2): 146-154, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-780891

ABSTRACT

Worldwide, venous thromboembolism (VTE) is among the leading causes of death from cardiovascular disease, surpassed only by acute myocardial infarction and stroke. The spectrum of VTE presentations ranges, by degree of severity, from deep vein thrombosis to acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Treatment is based on full anticoagulation of the patients. For many decades, it has been known that anticoagulation directly affects the mortality associated with VTE. Until the beginning of this century, anticoagulant therapy was based on the use of unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin and vitamin K antagonists, warfarin in particular. Over the past decades, new classes of anticoagulants have been developed, such as factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors, which significantly changed the therapeutic arsenal against VTE, due to their efficacy and safety when compared with the conventional treatment. The focus of this review was on evaluating the role of these new anticoagulants in this clinical context.


O tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) está entre as principais causas de morte por doenças cardiovasculares no mundo, atrás apenas do infarto agudo do miocárdio e do acidente vascular cerebral. O TEV possui espectro de apresentação que vai desde a trombose venosa profunda até o tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo, de acordo com gravidade crescente de acometimento, sendo seu tratamento baseado na anticoagulação plena dos pacientes. Há muitas décadas, sabe-se que a anticoagulação interfere diretamente na mortalidade associada ao TEV. Até o início deste século a terapia anticoagulante se baseava no uso de heparina, em suas formas não fracionada ou de baixo peso molecular, e de antagonistas da vitamina K, principalmente a varfarina. Ao longo das últimas décadas, foram desenvolvidos novas classes de medicamentos anticoagulantes, inibidores do fator Xa e inibidores diretos da trombina, que mudaram significativamente o arsenal terapêutico do TEV, em função de suas características de eficácia e segurança em relação ao tratamento convencional, sendo o foco principal de esta revisão avaliar seu papel neste contexto clínico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Venous Thromboembolism/drug therapy , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , Pyridines/therapeutic use , Pyridones/therapeutic use , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Thiazoles/therapeutic use , Time Factors , Warfarin/therapeutic use
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